An Analysis
of Worker Drug Use and Workplace Policies and Programs
APPENDIX A: DETAILED TABLES
Table A1.1-2Percentage and Estimated Number of Persons, Age 18-49, Reporting Current Illicit Drug Use and Heavy Alcohol Use, by Employment Status, 1994
Current Illicit Drug Use
Heavy Alcohol Use
Total Labor Force
Employment Status
Percent
Estimated Number
Percent
Estimated Number
Percent
Estimated Number
Total
8.4
8,622,000
8.3
8,501,000
100.0
102,424,000
Full-Time
7.6
5,968,000
8.4
6,576,000
76.8
78,745,000
Part-Time
9.0
1,495,000
7.0
1,156,000
16.1
16,530,000
Unemployed
16.2
1,159,000
10.8
769,000
7.1
7,149,000
Note: Heavy alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on five or more occasions in the previous 30 days.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-B.
Table A1.3 Trends in Percentage of Workers, Age 18-49, Reporting Drug Use, by Employment Status, 1985-1994
Current Illicit Drug Use
Past Year Illicit Drug Use
Heavy Alcohol Use
Employment Status
1985
1988
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1985
1988
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1985
1988
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Total
16.5
10.2
8.9
8.9
8.0
8.1
8.4
26.5
19.5
18.4
17.4
16.0
16.6
15.9
8.5
6.5
6.8
7.6
7.0
7.0
8.3
Full-time
17.5
10.4
8.6
7.9
7.4
7.7
7.6
25.5
18.9
17.9
14.8
13.9
14.8
13.9
11.2
8.1
8.6
8.5
7.8
8.5
8.4
Part-time
15.8
12.1
10.6
10.8
8.7
10.6
9.0
22.8
18.7
16.5
16.4
16.6
17.8
17.1
7.4
7.3
6.8
6.9
6.9
6.4
7.0
Unemployed
27.6
20.5
15.5
18.7
16.6
14.0
16.2
35.8
27.1
25.7
29.4
25.7
21.9
32.3
6.9
7.8
6.4
11.1
10.7
11.5
10.8
Note: Heavy alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on five or more occasions during the previous 30 days.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: 1985-1994-B.
Table A1.4Percentage of Full-Time Workers, Age 18-49, Reporting Various Workplace Outcomes, by Current Illicit Drug and Heavy Alcohol Use, 1994
Current Illicit Drug Use
Heavy Alcohol Use
Workplace Outcome
Yes
No
Yes
No
Worked for three or more employers in the past year
32.1
17.9
27.1
18.1
Missed two or more days of work in the past month due to illness or injury
11.6
9.9
10.3
10.1
Skipped one or more days of work in the past month
12.1
6.1
10.9
6.2
Voluntarily Left an employer in the past year
25.8
13.6
21.7
13.7
Fired by an employer in the past year
4.6
1.4
3.6
1.4
Had a workplace accident in the past year
7.5
5.5
7.6
5.5
Note: Heavy alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on five or more occasions in the
past 30 days.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-B.
Table A2.2-3Percentage and Estimated Number of Full-Time Workers, Age 18-49, Reporting Current Illicit Drug and Heavy Alcohol Use, by Demographic Characteristics, 1994
Current Illicit Drug Use
Heavy Alcohol Use
Total
Demographic Characteristic
Percent
Estimated Number
Percent
Estimated Number
Percent
Estimated Number
Total
7.6
5,968,000
8.4
6,576,000
100.0
78,737,000
Age Group
18-25
26-34
35-49
12.4
8.6
5.4
1,590,000
2,158,000
2,221,000
13.6
8.9
6.3
1,753,000
2,234,000
2,589,000
16.3
31.8
51.9
12,858,000
25,010,000
40,869,000
Gender
Male
Female
9.3
5.2
4,290,000
1,679,000
11.9
3.3
5,509,000
1,067,000
58.9
41.1
46,365,000
32,372,000
Race/Ethnicity
White
Black
Hispanic
8.3
6.5
5.6
4,899,000
561,000
424,000
8.9
5.2
8.8
5,253,000
451,000
662,000
78.5
11.5
10.0
59,240,000
8,682,000
7,526,000
Education
Less than high
school
High school
graduate
Some college
College graduate
9.7
8.3
7.5
6.1
886,000
2,173,000
1,475,000
1,434,000
13.2
10.0
8.3
4.7
1,209,000
2,621,000
1,634,000
1,112,000
11.6
33.3
24.9
30.1
9,172,000
26,250,000
19,640,000
23,675,000
Region
Northeast
North Central
South
West
7.6
7.4
8.2
6.7
1,078,000
1,395,000
2,349,000
1,146,000
8.1
11.1
8.4
5.6
1,138,000
2,078,000
2,391,000
969,000
17.9
23.8
36.4
21.9
14,120,000
18,751,000
28,628,000
17,238,000
Personal Income
Less than $9,000
$9,000-$19,999
$20,000-$39,999
$40,000-$74,999
$75,000 or more
13.3
9.6
6.1
4.3
12.1
921,000
2,152,000
1,850,000
653,000
301,000
9.4
10.5
7.1
7.9
5.7
651,000
2,354,000
2,158,000
1,199,000
142,000
8.9
28.8
39.6
19.5
3.2
7,039,000
22,697,000
31,157,000
15,319,000
2,525,000
Note: Subtotals may not sum to totals due to missing values on the demographic variables and
rounding error. Heavy alcohol use is defined as drinking five or more drinks on five or more
occasions in the past 30 days.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-B.
Table A3.1-2Percentage and Estimated Number of Full-Time Workers, Age 18-49, Reporting Current Illicit Drug and Heavy Alcohol Use, by Establishment Size, 1994
Current Illicit Drug Use
Heavy Alcohol Use
Total Full-Time Workers
Establishment Size
Percent
Estimated Number
Percent
Estimated Number
Percent
Estimated Number
Total
7.6
5,895,000
8.4
6,568,000
100.0
77,842,000
1-24 Employees
11.0
3,336,000
9.6
2,896,000
38.9
30,251,000
25-499 Employees
5.4
1,783,000
7.9
2,626,000
42.7
33,234,000
500+ Employees
5.4
776,000
7.3
1,046,000
18.4
14,357,000
Note: Subtotals may not sum to totals due to rounding error. The estimated numbers in this table differ from the estimated
numbers found in other tables due to missing values on the establishment size variable. Heavy alcohol use is defined as
drinking five or more drinks on five or more occasions in the past 30 days.
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-B.
Table A5.1Percentage of Full-Time Workers, Age 18-49, Reporting That Their Workplace Provides Information, Has a Written Policy, or Provides Access to an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) Concerning Drug or Alcohol Use, by Establishment Size and Current Illicit Drug Use, 1994
Information About
Drug and Alcohol Use
Written Policy About
Drug and Alcohol Use
Employee
Assistance Program
Establishment Size
Tota l
Current Illicit Drug Use
No Current Illicit Drug Use
Total
Current Illicit Drug Use
No Current Illicit Drug Use
Total
Current Illicit Drug Use
No Current Illicit Drug Use
Total
74.4
62.1
75.2
69.7
57.3
70.6
49.9
34.5
51.3
1-24 Employees
51.2
43.2
52.2
45.4
38.3
46.3
24.4
14.8
25.6
25-499 Employees
86.7
84.5
86.9
82.2
77.8
82.4
59.2
48.9
59.8
500+ Employees
93.8
92.3
93.9
91.3
91.6
91.3
82.5
86.2
82.3
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-B.
Table A5.2-4Percentage of Full-Time Workers, Age 18-49, Reporting That Their Workplace Provides Information, Has a Written Policy, or Maintains an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) Concerning Drug or Alcohol Use,
by Occupation Categories, 1994
Occupation Category
Information About Drug or Alcohol Use
Written Policy About Drug or Alcohol Use
Employee
Assistance Program
Total
74.4
69.7
49.9
Executive, Administrative & Managerial
77.4
72.1
54.9
Professional Specialty
84.1
77.3
61.1
Technicians & Related Support
83.7
81.4
62.7
Sales
64.4
59.8
37.2
Administrative Support
77.2
72.8
59.5
Protective Service
97.2
94.6
85.7
Food Preparation, Waitstaff & Bartenders
62.1
57.1
20.1
Other Service
69.9
63.2
38.2
Precision Production & Repair
36.1
25.4
10.5
Construction
68.9
64.3
45.9
Extractive & Precision Production
56.9
54.8
24.6
Machine Operators & Inspectors
77.2
72.4
53.6
Transportation & Material Moving
76.1
73.6
52.9
Handlers, Helpers & Laborers
87.2
84.6
55.2
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-B.
Table A6.1-2Percentage of Full-Time Workers, Age 18-49, Reporting Workplace Drug Testing Programs,
by Establishment Size, 1994
Establishment Size
Any Testing Program
At Hiring
Random
Upon Suspicion
Post-Accident
Total
43.7
35.0
20.4
27.8
22.6
1-24 Employees
22.5
16.1
10.7
12.5
11.3
25-499 Employees
52.2
42.5
25.1
33.6
28.4
500+ Employees
68.4
57.6
30.1
46.5
33.4
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-B.
Table A6.3Percentage of Full-Time Workers, Age 18-49, Reporting Workplace Drug Testing Programs, by Type of Program and Current Illicit Drug Use, 1994
Type of Program
Current Illicit Drug Use
No Current Illicit Drug Use
Any
33.7
44.4
At hiring
24.5
35.8
On a random basis
12.3
21.1
Upon reasonable suspicion
23.2
28.1
Following a work-related accident
19.3
22.9
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-B.
Table A6.4Percentage of Full-Time Workers, Age 18-49, Reporting That They Would Be LESS LIKELY to Work for an Employer Who Tests for Drug Use in Various Circumstances, by Establishment Size and Current Illicit Drug Use, 1994
Tests for Drugs at Hiring
Tests for Drugs Randomly
Tests for Drugs
Upon Suspicion
Tests for Drugs
Post-Accident
Establishmen t Size
Current Illicit
Drug Use
No Current Illicit
Drug Use
Current Illicit
Drug Use
No Current Illicit
Drug Use
Current Illicit
Drug Use
No Current Illicit
Drug Use
Current Illicit Drug Use
No Current Illicit
Drug Use
Total
29.8
5.9
40.4
11.6
31.2
13.7
14.4
5.9
1-24 Employees
29.4
6.4
38.1
10.3
31.7
13.1
15.2
5.9
25-499 Employees
30.5
5.5
41.3
11.7
30.9
13.4
14.9
5.9
500+ Employees
28.8
5.9
47.7
14.1
29.6
16.0
9.7
6.0
Source: Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, 1994-B.
This page was last updated on June 03, 2008.
SAMHSA, an agency in the Department of Health and Human Services, is the Federal
Government's lead agency for improving the quality and availability of
substance abuse prevention, addiction treatment, and mental health
services in the United States.
