Alternative Text for Figures

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 is titled "Lifetime Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Gender: 2002-2006." It is a bar graph, where gender is shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage using alcohol in their lifetime is shown on the vertical axis. For each gender and the total of all persons in this age group, there are bars representing 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006. Tests of statistical significance at the 0.05 level were performed between 2006 and each of the previous years listed; significant results are indicated where appropriate.

Among all persons aged 12 to 20, the percentage using alcohol in their lifetime was 56.2 percent in 2002, 55.8 percent in 2003, 54.9 percent in 2004, 53.9 percent in 2005, and 53.9 percent in 2006. The differences between the 2006 estimate and the 2002 and 2003 estimates were statistically significant.

Among males aged 12 to 20, the percentage using alcohol in their lifetime was 56.5 percent in 2002, 55.0 percent in 2003, 54.9 percent in 2004, 53.7 percent in 2005, and 54.0 percent in 2006. The difference between the 2006 estimate and 2002 estimate was statistically significant.

Among females aged 12 to 20, the percentage using alcohol in their lifetime was 56.0 percent in 2002, 56.6 percent in 2003, 54.8 percent in 2004, 54.2 percent in 2005, and 53.7 percent in 2006. The differences between the 2006 estimate and the 2002 and 2003 estimates were statistically significant.

Click here to return to Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2 is titled "Past Year Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Age: 2002-2006." It is a bar graph, where age group is shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage using alcohol in the past year is shown on the vertical axis. There are three categories of age groups: 12 to 14, 15 to 17, and 18 to 20. For each age group, there are bars representing 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006. For each age group, tests of statistical significance at the 0.05 level were performed between 2006 and each of the previous years listed; significant results are indicated where appropriate.

Among persons aged 12 to 14, the percentage using alcohol in the past year was 17.6 percent in 2002, 17.1 percent in 2003, 17.2 percent in 2004, 16.5 percent in 2005, and 16.2 percent in 2006. The difference between the 2006 estimate and the 2002 estimate was statistically significant.

Among persons aged 15 to 17, the percentage using alcohol in the past year was 52.3 percent in 2002, 51.6 percent in 2003, 50.9 percent in 2004, 49.9 percent in 2005, and 48.7 percent in 2006. The differences between the 2006 estimate and the 2002, 2003, and 2004 estimates were statistically significant.

Among persons aged 18 to 20, the percentage using alcohol in the past year was 71.7 percent in 2002, 71.8 percent in 2003, 72.1 percent in 2004, 71.5 percent in 2005, and 72.2 percent in 2006.

Click here to return to Figure 2.2

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 is titled "Current, Binge, and Heavy Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Age: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a bar graph, where three definitions of past month alcohol use (current use, binge use, and heavy use) are shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage using in the past month is shown on the vertical axis. For each definition of past month alcohol use, there are bars for persons aged 12 to 14, persons aged 15 to 17, and persons aged 18 to 20.

The prevalence of current alcohol use was 7.0 percent for persons aged 12 to 14, 27.5 percent for persons aged 15 to 17, and 51.3 percent for persons aged 18 to 20.

The prevalence of binge alcohol use was 3.3 percent for persons aged 12 to 14, 17.8 percent for persons aged 15 to 17, and 36.3 percent for persons aged 18 to 20.

The prevalence of heavy alcohol use was 0.5 percent for persons aged 12 to 14, 4.5 percent for persons aged 15 to 17, and 13.4 percent for persons aged 18 to 20.

Click here to return to Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2 is titled "Current Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Race/Ethnicity: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a bar graph, where race/ethnicity is shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage using alcohol in the past month is shown on the vertical axis. The six categories of race/ethnicity are (1) white, (2) black or African American, (3) American Indian or Alaska Native, (4) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, (5) Asian, and (6) Hispanic or Latino.

Among whites, 32.6 percent were past month alcohol users.

Among blacks or African Americans, 18.8 percent were past month alcohol users.

Among American Indians or Alaska Natives, 27.2 percent were past month alcohol users.

Among Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders, 24.3 percent were past month alcohol users.

Among Asians, 17.1 percent were past month alcohol users.

Among Hispanics or Latinos, 25.7 percent were past month alcohol users.

Click here to return to Figure 3.2

Figure 3.3 is titled "Current, Binge, and Heavy Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Age Group and Gender: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a bar graph, where three definitions of past month alcohol use (current use, binge use, and heavy use) are shown on the horizontal axis, and within each definition of past month alcohol use are shown three age groups (12 to 14, 15 to 17, and 18 to 20). The percentage using in the past month is shown on the vertical axis. For each age group within each definition of past month alcohol use, there are bars for males and for females.

The prevalence of current alcohol use among persons aged 12 to 14 was 6.3 percent for males and 7.7 percent for females; for persons aged 15 to 17, the prevalence was 27.3 percent for males and 27.6 percent for females; and for persons aged 18 to 20, the prevalence was 54.4 percent for males and 47.9 percent for females.

The prevalence of binge alcohol use among persons aged 12 to 14 was 3.1 percent for males and 3.5 percent for females; for persons aged 15 to 17, the prevalence was 19.0 percent for males and 16.5 percent for females; and for persons aged 18 to 20, the prevalence was 42.6 percent for males and 29.7 percent for females.

The prevalence of heavy alcohol use among persons aged 12 to 14 was 0.5 percent for males and 0.5 percent for females; for persons aged 15 to 17, the prevalence was 5.5 percent for males and 3.5 percent for females; and for persons aged 18 to 20, the prevalence was 17.7 percent for males and 8.8 percent for females.

Click here to return to Figure 3.3

Figure 3.4 is titled "Current, Binge, and Heavy Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Family Income: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a bar graph, where three definitions of past month alcohol use (current use, binge use, and heavy use) are shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage using in the past month is shown on the vertical axis. For each definition of past month alcohol use, there are bars for persons whose family income was less than $20,000, $20,000 to $49,999, $50,000 to $74,999, and $75,000 or more.

The prevalence of current alcohol use was 33.9 percent for persons whose family income was less than $20,000, 26.0 percent for persons whose family income was $20,000 to $49,999, 26.4 percent for persons whose family income was $50,000 to $74,999, and 28.6 percent for persons whose family income was $75,000 or more.

The prevalence of binge alcohol use was 23.7 percent for persons whose family income was less than $20,000, 17.0 percent for persons whose family income was $20,000 to $49,999, 17.3 percent for persons whose family income was $50,000 to $74,999, and 19.0 percent for persons whose family income was $75,000 or more.

The prevalence of heavy alcohol use was 8.7 percent for persons whose family income was less than $20,000, 4.8 percent for persons whose family income was $20,000 to $49,999, 5.0 percent for persons whose family income was $50,000 to $74,999, and 6.4 percent for persons whose family income was $75,000 or more.

Click here to return to Figure 3.4

Figure 3.5 is titled "Current, Binge, and Heavy Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by County Type: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a bar graph, where three definitions of past month alcohol use (current use, binge use, and heavy use) are shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage using in the past month is shown on the vertical axis. For each definition of past month alcohol use, there are bars for persons who lived in counties in large metropolitan areas (population of 1 million or greater), persons who lived in counties in small metropolitan areas (population of less than 1 million), persons who lived in urbanized nonmetropolitan counties (nonmetropolitan counties with an urbanized population of 20,000 or more), and persons who lived in rural counties (nonmetropolitan counties with an urbanized population of less than 20,000).

The prevalence of current alcohol use was 27.5 percent for persons who lived in counties in large metropolitan areas, 30.1 percent for persons who lived in counties in small metropolitan areas, 31.3 percent for those who lived in urbanized nonmetropolitan counties, and 28.1 percent for those who lived in rural counties.

The prevalence of binge alcohol use was 17.7 percent for persons who lived in counties in large metropolitan areas, 20.8 percent for persons who lived in counties in small metropolitan areas, 22.2 percent for those who lived in urbanized nonmetropolitan counties, and 19.8 percent for those who lived in rural counties.

The prevalence of heavy alcohol use was 5.3 percent for persons who lived in counties in large metropolitan areas, 7.3 percent for persons who lived in counties in small metropolitan areas, 8.2 percent for those who lived in urbanized nonmetropolitan counties, and 5.9 percent for those who lived in rural counties.

Click here to return to Figure 3.5

Figure 3.6 is titled "Current, Binge, and Heavy Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Race/Ethnicity and County Type: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a horizontal bar graph, where the percentage using in the past month is shown on the horizontal axis. On the vertical axis are shown three definitions of county type: counties in metropolitan areas, urbanized nonmetropolitan counties (nonmetropolitan counties with an urbanized population of 20,000 or more), and rural counties (nonmetropolitan counties with an urbanized population of less than 20,000). Also on the vertical axis, within each county type are shown three definitions of past month alcohol use (current use, binge use, and heavy use). For each definition of past month alcohol use within each county type, there are bars for whites, blacks, and Hispanics.

Among persons who lived in metropolitan areas, the prevalence of current alcohol use was 33.2 percent for whites, 18.5 percent for blacks, and 25.3 percent for Hispanics; the prevalence of binge alcohol use was 22.9 percent for whites, 9.0 percent for blacks, and 17.0 percent for Hispanics; and the prevalence of heavy alcohol use was 8.2 percent for whites, 1.7 percent for blacks, and 4.1 percent for Hispanics.

Among persons who lived in urbanized nonmetropolitan counties, the prevalence of current alcohol use was 33.0 percent for whites, 23.0 percent for blacks, and 29.1 percent for Hispanics; the prevalence of binge alcohol use was 23.6 percent for whites, 14.2 percent for blacks, and 21.1 percent for Hispanics; and the prevalence of heavy alcohol use was 9.1 percent for whites, 2.4 percent for blacks, and 8.7 percent for Hispanics.

Among persons who lived in rural counties, the prevalence of current alcohol use was 28.9 percent for whites, 19.6 percent for blacks, and 32.4 percent for Hispanics; the prevalence of binge alcohol use was 20.7 percent for whites, 10.4 percent for blacks, and 24.7 percent for Hispanics; and the prevalence of heavy alcohol use was 6.3 percent for whites, 1.8 percent for blacks, and 7.9 percent for Hispanics.

Click here to return to Figure 3.6

Figure 3.7 is titled "Current, Binge, and Heavy Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Geographic Region: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a bar graph, where three definitions of past month alcohol use (current use, binge use, and heavy use) are shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage using in the past month is shown on the vertical axis. For each definition of past month alcohol use, there are bars for persons who lived in the Northeast, Midwest, South, and West.

The prevalence of current alcohol use was 31.9 percent for persons who lived in the Northeast, 31.0 percent for persons who lived in the Midwest, 26.6 percent for persons who lived in the South, and 26.9 percent for persons who lived in the West.

The prevalence of binge alcohol use was 21.4 percent for persons who lived in the Northeast, 21.8 percent for persons who lived in the Midwest, 17.3 percent for persons who lived in the South, and 17.8 percent for persons who lived in the West.

The prevalence of heavy alcohol use was 7.1 percent for persons who lived in the Northeast, 7.4 percent for persons who lived in the Midwest, 5.5 percent for persons who lived in the South, and 5.2 percent for persons who lived in the West.

Click here to return to Figure 3.7

Figure 3.8 is titled "Current Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by State: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a U.S. map where the States are divided into five groups based on the magnitude of their percentages. States listed here are in alphabetical order within each group.

States in the lowest group of current alcohol use (19.3 to 26.4 percent) were Alabama, California, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Utah.

States in the next lowest group of current alcohol use (26.5 to 28.6 percent) were Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Hawaii, Maryland, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, and Virginia.

States in the midgroup of current alcohol use (28.7 to 30.4 percent) were Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Washington, and West Virginia.

States in the next highest group of current alcohol use (30.5 to 33.4 percent) were Colorado, Connecticut, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New Mexico, and New York.

States in the highest group of current alcohol use (33.5 to 41.2 percent) were Massachusetts, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

Click here to return to Figure 3.8

Figure 3.9 is titled "Binge Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by State: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a U.S. map where the States are divided into five groups based on the magnitude of their percentages. States listed here are in alphabetical order within each group.

States in the lowest group of binge alcohol use (14.1 to 17.2 percent) were Alabama, California, Georgia, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Utah.

States in the next lowest group of binge alcohol use (17.3 to 19.0 percent) were Alaska, District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Louisiana, Nevada, New Jersey, and Oklahoma.

States in the midgroup of binge alcohol use (19.1 to 21.0 percent) were Arizona, Arkansas, Delaware, Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington.

States in the next highest group of binge alcohol use (21.1 to 24.2 percent) were Colorado, Connecticut, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, and West Virginia.

States in the highest group of binge alcohol use (24.3 to 31.7 percent) were Iowa, Massachusetts, Montana, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

Click here to return to Figure 3.9

Figure 3.10 is titled "Alcohol Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Race/Ethnicity: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a bar graph, where race/ethnicity is shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage with alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year is shown on the vertical axis. The six categories of race/ethnicity are (1) white, (2) black or African American, (3) American Indian or Alaska Native, (4) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, (5) Asian, and (6) Hispanic or Latino.

Among whites, 10.9 percent met the criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year.

Among blacks or African Americans, 4.6 percent met the criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year.

Among American Indians or Alaska Natives, 14.9 percent met the criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year.

Among Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders, 12.7 percent met the criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year.

Among Asians, 4.9 percent met the criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year.

Among Hispanics or Latinos, 8.7 percent met the criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year.

Click here to return to Figure 3.10

Figure 3.11 is titled "Alcohol Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Gender and Age: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a bar graph, where three age groups (12 to 14, 15 to 17, and 18 to 20) are shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage with alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year is shown on the vertical axis. For each age group, there are bars for males and for females.

Among persons aged 12 to 14, the prevalence of alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year was 1.6 percent for males and 2.2 percent for females.

Among persons aged 15 to 17, the prevalence of alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year was 9.4 percent for males and 9.7 percent for females.

Among persons aged 18 to 20, the prevalence of alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year was 19.6 percent for males and 13.4 percent for females.

Click here to return to Figure 3.11

Figure 3.12 is titled "Alcohol Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Race/Ethnicity and County Type: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a bar graph, where three definitions of county type are shown on the horizontal axis: counties in metropolitan areas, urbanized nonmetropolitan counties (nonmetropolitan counties with an urbanized population of 20,000 or more), and rural counties (nonmetropolitan counties with an urbanized population of less than 20,000). The percentage with alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year is shown on the vertical axis. For each county type, there are bars for whites, blacks, and Hispanics.

Among persons who lived in counties in metropolitan areas, the prevalence of dependence or abuse in the past year was 10.9 percent for whites, 4.4 percent for blacks, and 8.4 percent for Hispanics.

Among persons who lived in urbanized nonmetropolitan counties, the prevalence of dependence or abuse in the past year was 12.1 percent for whites, 7.8 percent for blacks, and 11.3 percent for Hispanics.

Among persons who lived in rural counties, the prevalence of dependence or abuse in the past year was 10.0 percent for whites, 4.9 percent for blacks, and 12.5 percent for Hispanics.

Click here to return to Figure 3.12

Figure 3.13 is titled "Alcohol Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by State: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a U.S. map where the States are divided into five groups based on the magnitude of their percentages. States listed here are in alphabetical order within each group.

States in the lowest group of alcohol dependence or abuse (7.1 to 8.1 percent) were Alabama, District of Columbia, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Utah.

States in the next lowest group of alcohol dependence or abuse (8.2 to 9.4 percent) were California, Delaware, Florida, Indiana, Louisiana, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Virginia.

States in the midgroup of alcohol dependence or abuse (9.5 to 10.2 percent) were Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Oregon.

States in the next highest group of alcohol dependence or abuse (10.3 to 12.2 percent) were Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Rhode Island, Washington, and West Virginia.

States in the highest group of alcohol dependence or abuse (12.3 to 17.8 percent) were Iowa, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

Click here to return to Figure 3.13

Figure 3.14 is titled "Binge Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Parental Alcohol Use: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a bar graph, where four categories of both mother's and father's alcohol use (no past year use, past year use, past month use but not binge use, and binge use) are shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage who had binged on alcohol in the past month is shown on the vertical axis.

Among persons who lived with a mother who had not used alcohol in the past year, the prevalence of binge drinking in the past month was 9.3 percent.

Among persons who lived with a mother who had used alcohol in the past year, the prevalence of binge drinking in the past month was 17.6 percent.

Among persons who lived with a mother who had used alcohol in the past month but had not binged, the prevalence of binge drinking in the past month was 17.5 percent.

Among persons who lived with a mother who had binged on alcohol in the past month, the prevalence of binge drinking in the past month was 21.3 percent.

Among persons who lived with a father who had not used alcohol in the past year, the prevalence of binge drinking in the past month was 10.2 percent.

Among persons who lived with a father who had used alcohol in the past year, the prevalence of binge drinking in the past month was 16.5 percent.

Among persons who lived with a father who had used alcohol in the past month but had not binged, the prevalence of binge drinking in the past month was 15.4 percent.

Among persons who lived with a father who had binged on alcohol in the past month, the prevalence of binge drinking in the past month was 19.5 percent.

Click here to return to Figure 3.14

Figure 3.15 is titled "Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Parental Alcohol Use: Annual Averages, 2002-2006." It is a bar graph, where four categories of both mother's and father's alcohol use (no past year use, past year use, past month use but not binge use, and binge use) are shown on the horizontal axis, and the percentage with alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year is shown on the vertical axis.

Among persons who lived with a mother who had not used alcohol in the past year, the prevalence of alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year was 5.2 percent.

Among persons who lived with a mother who had used alcohol in the past year, the prevalence of alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year was 7.9 percent.

Among persons who lived with a mother who had used alcohol in the past month but had not binged, the prevalence of alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year was 7.7 percent.

Among persons who lived with a mother who had binged on alcohol in the past month, the prevalence of alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year was 9.0 percent.

Among persons who lived with a father who had not used alcohol in the past year, the prevalence of alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year was 5.2 percent.

Among persons who lived with a father who had used alcohol in the past year, the prevalence of alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year was 8.0 percent.

Among persons who lived with a father who had used alcohol in the past month but had not binged, the prevalence of alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year was 7.1 percent.

Among persons who lived with a father who had binged on alcohol in the past month, the prevalence of alcohol dependence or abuse in the past year was 10.2 percent.

Click here to return to Figure 3.15

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 is titled "Social Context of Last Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Current Drinkers Aged 12 to 20, by Age: 2006." It is a bar graph, where three age groups (12 to 14, 15 to 17, and 18 to 20) are shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage reporting different social contexts of their last drinking episode is shown on the vertical axis. For each age group, there are bars for drinking alone, drinking with one other person, and drinking with two or more other people.

Among current drinkers aged 12 to 14, 9.0 percent were alone when they last used alcohol, 21.9 percent were with one other person, and 69.1 percent were with two or more other people.

Among current drinkers aged 15 to 17, 5.2 percent were alone when they last used alcohol, 14.6 percent were with one other person, and 80.2 percent were with two or more other people.

Among current drinkers aged 18 to 20, 4.2 percent were alone when they last used alcohol, 13.2 percent were with one other person, and 82.6 percent were with two or more other people.

Click here to return to Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2 is titled "Drinks Consumed on Last Occasion of Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Current Drinkers Aged 12 to 20, by Social Context and Age: 2006." It is a bar graph, where three types of social context of drinking are shown on the horizontal axis (alone, with one other person, or with two or more other people), grouped within three age groups (12 to 14, 15 to 17, and 18 to 20), and the mean number of drinks consumed on the last use of alcohol in the past month is shown on the vertical axis.

Among current drinkers aged 12 to 14, those who were alone when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 2.4 drinks, those who were with one other person consumed an average of 2.0 drinks, and those who were with two or more other persons consumed an average of 3.1 drinks.

Among current drinkers aged 15 to 17, those who were alone when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 2.8 drinks, those who were with one other person consumed an average of 3.1 drinks, and those who were with two or more other persons consumed an average of 4.6 drinks.

Among current drinkers aged 18 to 20, those who were alone when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 3.1 drinks, those who were with one other person consumed an average of 3.3 drinks, and those who were with two or more other persons consumed an average of 5.2 drinks.

Click here to return to Figure 4.2

Figure 4.3 is titled "Drinks Consumed on Last Occasion of Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Current Drinkers Aged 12 to 20, by Social Context and Gender: 2006." It is a bar graph, where three types of social context of drinking are shown on the horizontal axis (alone, with one other person, or with two or more other people), grouped by gender (male and female), and the mean number of drinks consumed on the last use of alcohol in the past month is shown on the vertical axis.

Among males who were current drinkers, those who were alone when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 3.1 drinks, those who were with one other person consumed an average of 3.5 drinks, and those who were with two or more other persons consumed an average of 5.8 drinks.

Among females who were current drinkers, those who were alone when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 2.6 drinks, those who were with one other person consumed an average of 2.5 drinks, and those who were with two or more other persons consumed an average of 3.9 drinks.

Click here to return to Figure 4.3

Figure 4.4 is titled "Location of Last Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Current Drinkers Aged 12 to 20: 2006." It is a bar graph, where the location of last alcohol use in the past month is shown on the horizontal axis (someone else's home; own home; restaurant, bar, or club; car or vehicle; park, beach, or parking lot; school; party, wedding, or celebration; or concert or sports game) and the percentage reporting each location of last alcohol use is shown on the vertical axis.

Among current drinkers, 53.4 percent last drank at someone else's home.

Among current drinkers, 30.3 percent last drank in their own home.

Among current drinkers, 9.4 percent last drank in a restaurant, bar, or club.

Among current drinkers, 5.5 percent last drank in a car or vehicle.

Among current drinkers, 4.8 percent last drank in a park, beach, or parking lot.

Among current drinkers, 2.3 percent last drank at school.

Among current drinkers, 1.9 percent last drank at a party, wedding, or celebration.

Among current drinkers, 1.6 percent last drank at a concert or sports game.

Click here to return to Figure 4.4

Figure 4.5 is titled "Drinks Consumed on Last Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Current Drinkers Aged 12 to 20, by Location of Last Alcohol Use: 2006." It is a bar graph, where the location of last alcohol use in the past month is shown on the horizontal axis (someone else's home; own home; restaurant, bar, or club; car or vehicle; park, beach, or parking lot; school; party, wedding, or celebration; or concert or sports game), and the mean number of drinks consumed on the last drinking occasion in the past month is shown on the vertical axis.

Among current drinkers, those who were at someone else's home when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 4.9 drinks.

Among current drinkers, those who were in their own home when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 4.0 drinks.

Among current drinkers, those who were in a restaurant, bar, or club when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 4.6 drinks.

Among current drinkers, those who were in a car or vehicle when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 5.1 drinks.

Among current drinkers, those who were in a park, beach, or parking lot when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 5.1 drinks.

Among current drinkers, those who were at school when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 5.1 drinks.

Among current drinkers, those who were at a party, wedding, or celebration when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 5.3 drinks.

Among current drinkers, those who were at a concert or sports game when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 6.0 drinks.

Click here to return to Figure 4.5

Figure 4.6 is titled "Location of Last Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Current Drinkers Aged 12 to 20, by Age: 2006." It is a bar graph, where three age groups (12 to 14, 15 to 17, and 18 to 20) are shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage reporting different locations of their last drinking episode is shown on the vertical axis. For each age group there are bars for someone else's home; own home; restaurant, bar, or club; car or vehicle; and park, beach, or parking lot.

Among current drinkers aged 12 to 14, 45.0 percent were at someone else's home when they last used alcohol; 38.8 percent were in their own home; 4.6 percent were in a restaurant, bar, or club; 5.2 percent were in a car or vehicle; and 8.3 percent were in a park, beach, or parking lot.

Among current drinkers aged 15 to 17, 60.9 percent were at someone else's home when they last used alcohol; 26.0 percent were in their own home; 3.7 percent were in a restaurant, bar, or club; 7.7 percent were in a car or vehicle; and 7.7 percent were in a park, beach, or parking lot.

Among current drinkers aged 18 to 20, 50.7 percent were at someone else's home when they last used alcohol; 31.4 percent were in their own home; 12.9 percent were in a restaurant, bar, or club; 4.5 percent were in a car or vehicle; and 2.9 percent were in a park, beach, or parking lot.

Click here to return to Figure 4.6

Figure 4.7 is titled "Source of Alcohol Used in the Past Month among Current Drinkers Aged 12 to 20, by Age: 2006." It is a horizontal bar graph, where the percentage reporting different sources of alcohol for their last drinking episode is shown on the horizontal axis. On the vertical axis are shown three age groups (12 to 14, 15 to 17, and 18 to 20), and within each age group are nine sources of alcohol (purchased alcohol themselves; purchased by someone else [underage person paid]; received from parent or guardian; received from other family member; received from unrelated person aged 21 or older; received from someone under age 21; took it from own home; took it from someone else's home; or other).

Among current drinkers aged 12 to 14, 1.2 percent purchased alcohol themselves when they last used alcohol, 5.3 percent paid for the alcohol but had someone else purchase it, 17.1 percent received the alcohol from their parent or guardian, 13.1 percent received the alcohol from a family member other than a parent or guardian, 13.7 percent received alcohol from an unrelated person aged 21 or older, 17.5 percent received alcohol from someone under age 21, 15.0 percent took alcohol from their own home, 6.6 percent took alcohol from someone else's home, and 10.0 percent obtained alcohol from some other source.

Among current drinkers aged 15 to 17, 5.4 percent purchased alcohol themselves when they last used alcohol, 17.9 percent paid for the alcohol but had someone else purchase it, 8.0 percent received the alcohol from their parent or guardian, 9.0 percent received the alcohol from a family member other than a parent or guardian, 20.1 percent received alcohol from an unrelated person aged 21 or older, 19.9 percent received alcohol from someone under age 21, 5.0 percent took alcohol from their own home, 4.7 percent took alcohol from someone else's home, and 8.8 percent obtained alcohol from some other source.

Among current drinkers aged 18 to 20, 12.2 percent purchased alcohol themselves when they last used alcohol, 25.3 percent paid for the alcohol but had someone else purchase it, 4.4 percent received the alcohol from their parent or guardian, 7.5 percent received the alcohol from a family member other than a parent or guardian, 30.0 percent received alcohol from an unrelated person aged 21 or older, 11.0 percent received alcohol from someone under age 21, 2.1 percent took alcohol from their own home, 1.6 percent took alcohol from someone else's home, and 5.1 percent obtained alcohol from some other source.

Click here to return to Figure 4.7

Figure 4.8 is titled "Drinks Consumed on Last Occasion of Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Current Drinkers Aged 12 to 20, by Source of Last Alcohol Used and Age: 2006." It is a bar graph, where two sources of obtaining the last alcohol use are shown on the horizontal axis (underage drinker paid and underage drinker did not pay) grouped within three age groups (12 to 14, 15 to 17, and 18 to 20). The mean number of drinks consumed on the last occasion of alcohol use in the past month is shown on the vertical axis.

Among current drinkers aged 12 to 14, those who paid for alcohol when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 4.8 drinks, and those who did not pay for alcohol consumed an average of 2.7 drinks.

Among current drinkers aged 15 to 17, those who paid for alcohol when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 6.1 drinks, and those who did not pay for alcohol consumed an average of 3.7 drinks.

Among current drinkers aged 18 to 20, those who paid for alcohol when they last used alcohol consumed an average of 5.9 drinks, and those who did not pay for alcohol consumed an average of 4.2 drinks.

Click here to return to Figure 4.8

Figure 4.9 is titled "Illicit Drug Use within 2 Hours of Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Current Drinkers Aged 12 to 20, by Age: 2006." It is a bar graph, where three age groups (12 to 14, 15 to 17, and 18 to 20) are shown on the horizontal axis and the percentage reporting illicit drug use within 2 hours of using alcohol is shown on the vertical axis. For each age group, there are bars for illicit drugs, marijuana or hashish, and illicit drugs other than marijuana. Illicit drugs include marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. Illicit drugs other than marijuana include cocaine (including crack), heroin, hallucinogens, inhalants, or prescription-type psychotherapeutics used nonmedically. These summary estimates do not include data from the methamphetamine use items added in 2005 and 2006.

Among current drinkers aged 12 to 14, 5.4 percent had used illicit drugs within 2 hours of alcohol use in the past month, 4.6 percent had used marijuana within 2 hours of alcohol use in the past month, and 1.1 percent had used illicit drugs other than marijuana within 2 hours of alcohol use in the past month.

Among current drinkers aged 15 to 17, 15.7 percent had used illicit drugs within 2 hours of alcohol use in the past month, 15.1 percent had used marijuana within 2 hours of alcohol use in the past month, and 2.0 percent had used illicit drugs other than marijuana within 2 hours of alcohol use in the past month.

Among current drinkers aged 18 to 20, 17.4 percent had used illicit drugs within 2 hours of alcohol use in the past month, 16.3 percent had used marijuana within 2 hours of alcohol use in the past month, and 2.9 percent had used illicit drugs other than marijuana within 2 hours of alcohol use in the past month.

Click here to return to Figure 4.9

Appendix A

The adjustment factor a sub k as a function of lambda is defined as the ratio of two quantities. The quantity in the numerator is defined as the sum of two terms. The first term is calculated as the product of l sub k and the difference between u sub k and c sub k. The second term is calculated as the product of u sub k, the difference between c sub k and l sub k, and the value of the exponential function evaluated at the following product: capital A sub k multiplied by the transpose of the vector x sub k, multiplied by lambda. The quantity in the denominator is defined as the sum of two terms. The first term is the difference between u sub k and c sub k. The second term is calculated as the product of the difference between c sub k and l sub k, and the value of the exponential function evaluated at the following product: capital A sub k multiplied by the transpose of the vector x sub k, multiplied by lambda.

Click here to return to Equation A-1

The quantity of the summation over s of the product of (x sub k, d sub k, and a sub k as a function of lambda), minus the quantity capital T tilde sub x is equal to zero.

Click here to return to Equation A-2

Delta of the parameters w and d equals the summation over all k in s of the ratio of d sub k to capital A sub k multiplied by the sum of the following two quantities. The first quantity is calculated as the product of the difference between a sub k and l sub k, and the logarithm of the ratio of the difference between a sub k and l sub k to the difference between c sub k and l sub k. The second quantity is defined as the product of the difference between u sub k and a sub k, and the logarithm of the ratio of the difference between u sub k and a sub k to the difference between u sub k and c sub k.

Click here to return to Equation A-4

Appendix B

Figure B.1 is titled "Required Effective Sample as a Function of the Proportion Estimated." It is a graph of a function within a coordinate plane; the horizontal axis shows the proportion estimated, and the vertical axis shows the required effective sample size. The following comment is shown: "Current Rule: NSDUH 2006." A horizontal line through the graph indicates that an effective sample size of 68 is required for the current rule. The graph decreases from an infinitely large required effective sample size when the estimated proportion is close to zero and approaches a local minimum of 50 when the estimated proportion is 0.20. The graph increases for estimated proportions greater than 0.20 until a required effective sample size of 68 is reached for an estimated proportion of 0.50. The graph decreases for estimated proportions greater than 0.50 and approaches a local minimum of 50 for the required effective sample size when the estimated proportion is 0.80. The graph increases for estimated proportions greater than 0.80 and reaches an infinitely large required effective sample size when the estimated proportion is close to 1.

Click here to return to Figure B.1

p hat sub d is equal to capital y hat sub d divided by capital n hat sub d

Click here to return to Equation B-1

Two computational forms of the suppression rule are presented. The first indicates that suppressions occurred when p hat was less than or equal to 0.5 and the following ratio was greater than 0.175: the numerator of the ratio is the standard error of p hat, divided by p hat; the denominator is the negative of the natural logarithm of p hat. The second computational form indicates that suppressions also occurred whenever p hat was greater than 0.5 and the following ratio was greater than 0.175: the numerator is the standard error of p hat, divided by the difference 1 minus p hat; the denominator is the negative of the natural logarithm of the difference 1 minus p hat.

Click here to return to Equation B-2

Two computational forms of the suppression rule are presented. The first indicates that suppressions occurred when p hat was less than or equal to 0.5 and the following ratio was greater than 0.175: the numerator of the ratio is the standard error of p hat, divided by p hat; the denominator is the negative of the natural logarithm of p hat. The second computational form indicates that suppressions also occurred whenever p hat was greater than 0.5 and the following ratio was greater than 0.175: the numerator is the standard error of p hat, divided by the difference 1 minus p hat; the denominator is the negative of the natural logarithm of the difference 1 minus p hat.

Click here to return to Equation B-3

Capital Z is equal to the ratio of two quantities. The numerator is p hat sub 1 minus p hat sub 2. The denominator is the square root of the following quantity: the variance of p hat sub1, plus the variance of p hat sub 2, minus twice the covariance of p hat sub 1 and p hat sub 2.

Click here to return to Equation B-4

The ratio of two quantities is greater than 0.175. The numerator of the ratio is the standard error of p hat divided by p hat. The denominator is the negative of the natural logarithm of p hat when p hat is less than or equal to 0.5.

Click here to return to Equation B-5

The ratio of two quantities is greater than 0.175. The numerator of the ratio is the standard error of p hat divided by 1 minus p hat. The denominator is the negative of the natural logarithm of the quantity 1 minus p hat when p hat is greater than 0.5.

Click here to return to Equation B-6

Effective n is the ratio of n over the design effect.

Click here to return to Equation B-7