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Highlights for 2007 Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS)
Highlights
This report presents summary results from
the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) for 2007. The report provides information on the demographic and substance abuse characteristics of the 1.8 million annual admissions to treatment for abuse of alcohol and drugs in facilities that report to individual State administrative data systems [Table 1a].
This summary report is issued in advance of the full TEDS report for 1997-2007. It includes demographic data and all items from the TEDS Minimum Data Set. The full report also will include data from the Supplemental Data Set, State data, and State rates.
TEDS is an admission-based system, and TEDS admissions do not represent individuals. Thus, for example, an individual admitted to treatment twice within a calendar year would be counted as two admissions.
TEDS does not include all admissions to
substance abuse treatment. It includes admissions to facilities that are licensed or certified by the State substance abuse agency to provide substance abuse treatment (or are administratively tracked by the agency for other reasons). In general, facilities reporting TEDS data are those that receive State alcohol and/or drug agency funds (including Federal Block Grant funds) for the provision of alcohol and/or drug treatment services.
Major Substances of Abuse
- Five substances accounted for 96 percent of all TEDS admissions in 2007: alcohol (40 percent); opiates (19 percent; primarily heroin); marijuana/hashish (16 percent);
cocaine (13 percent); and stimulants (8 percent, primarily methamphetamine) [Table 1b].
Alcohol
- Alcohol as a primary substance accounted for 40 percent of TEDS admissions in 2007, down from 50 percent in 1997. Forty-five percent of primary alcohol admissions
reported secondary drug abuse as well [Table 1a and Table 1b].
- About three-quarters of admissions for abuse of alcohol alone and for abuse of
alcohol with secondary drug abuse were male (74 percent and 73 percent, respectively) [Table 2a].
- More than two-thirds (69 percent) of all alcohol-only admissions were non-
Hispanic White, 13 percent were of Hispanic origin, and 11 percent were non-Hispanic Black. Among admissions for alcohol with secondary drug abuse, 60 percent were
non-Hispanic White, followed by 23 percent who were non-Hispanic Black and 11 percent who were of Hispanic origin [Table 2a].
- For alcohol-only admissions, the average age at admission was 39 years, compared with 35 years among admissions for primary alcohol with secondary drug abuse [Table 2a]
Heroin
- Heroin as a primary substance increased from 15 percent of all TEDS admissions in 1997 to 16 percent in 2001, then declined to 14 percent in 2004 through 2007. [Table 1b].
- About two-thirds (69 percent ) of primary heroin admissions were male [Table 2a].
- More than half (52 percent) of primary heroin admissions were non-Hispanic White, followed by 22 percent who were of Hispanic origin and 22 percent who were non-Hispanic Black [Table 2a].
- For primary heroin admissions, the average age at admission was 36 years [Table 2a].
- Sixty-four percent of primary heroin
admissions reported injection as the route of administration, 32 percent reported inhalation, and 2 percent reported smoking [Table 3].
Other Opiates*
- TEDS admissions for primary abuse of opiates other than heroin increased from 1 percent of all admissions in 1997 to 5 percent in 2007 [Table 1b].
- Just over half (53 percent) of primary non-heroin opiate admissions were male [Table 2a].
- Most primary non-heroin opiate admissions (89 percent) were non-Hispanic White [Table 2a].
- For primary non-heroin opiate admissions, the average age at admission was 32 years [Table 2a].
- Almost three-quarters (72 percent) of primary non-heroin opiate admissions
reported oral as the route of administration, 16 percent reported inhalation, and 10 percent reported injection
[Table 3].
Cocaine/Crack
- The proportion of admissions for primary cocaine abuse declined from 15 percent in 1997 to 13 percent in 2001 and 2002, increased slightly to 14 percent from 2003 through 2006, and then declined to 13 percent in 2007 [Table 1b].
- Smoked cocaine (crack) represented 72
percent of all primary cocaine admissions in 2007 [Table 1a].
- Fifty-eight percent of primary smoked
cocaine admissions were male, compared with 65 percent of non-smoked cocaine
admissions [Table 2a].
- Among primary smoked cocaine admissions, 49 percent were non-Hispanic Black, 40 percent were non-Hispanic White, and 8 percent were of Hispanic origin. Non-Hispanic Whites predominated (54 percent) among primary non-smoked cocaine admissions, followed by non-Hispanic Blacks
(23 percent) and persons of Hispanic origin (19 percent) [Table 2a].
- For primary smoked cocaine admissions, the average age at admission was 39 years, compared with 34 years for non-smoked cocaine admissions [Table 2a].
- Among primary non-smoked cocaine
admissions, 81 percent reported inhalation as the route of administration, 11 percent
reported injection, and 5 percent reported oral [Table 3].
Marijuana/Hashish
- The proportion of admissions for primary marijuana abuse increased from 12 percent in 1997 to 16 percent in 2003 through 2007 [Table 1b].
- Nearly three-quarters (74 percent) of
primary marijuana admissions were male
[Table 2a].
- Over half (51 percent) of primary marijuana admissions were non-Hispanic White, followed by 29 percent who were non-Hispanic Black and 15 percent who were of Hispanic origin [Table 2a].
- For primary marijuana admissions, the
average age at admission was 24 years [Table 2a].
Methamphetamine/Amphetamine and Other Stimulants
- The proportion of admissions for abuse of methamphetamine/amphetamine and other stimulants increased from 4 percent in 1997 to a high of 9 percent in 2005. In 2006 admissions decreased to 8 percent and remained at 8 percent in 2007 [Table 1b].
- Fifty-four percent of primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions were male [Table 2a].
- Two-thirds (66 percent) of primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions were non-Hispanic White, followed by 21 percent who were of Hispanic origin and 3 percent each who were Asian/Pacific Islander or non-Hispanic Black [Table 2a].
- For primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions, the average age at admission was 32 years [Table 2a].
- Sixty-six percent of primary methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions reported smoking as the route of administration, 18 percent reported injection, and 10 percent reported inhalation [Table 3].
Race/Ethnicity
Among all racial/ethnic groups except Hispanics of Puerto Rican origin, primary alcohol use (alone or in combination with other drugs) was the most frequently reported substance at treatment admission. However, the proportion reporting use of the next four most common substances (opiates, marijuana, cocaine, and stimulants) varied considerably by racial/ethnic group.
- Among non-Hispanic Whites, alcohol (44 percent) was followed by opiates (19 percent), marijuana (13 percent), cocaine (10 percent), and stimulants (9 percent) [Table 2b].
- Among non-Hispanic Blacks, alcohol (32 percent) was followed by cocaine (26 percent), marijuana (22 percent), and opiates (15 percent). Only 1 percent reported stimulants as a primary substance [Tables 2b].
- Among persons of Mexican origin, alcohol (36 percent) was followed by stimulants (22 percent), marijuana (19 percent), opiates (14 percent), and cocaine (8 percent)
[Table 2b].
- Among persons of Puerto Rican origin,
opiates (44 percent) were the most frequently reported substance at admission, followed by alcohol (27 percent), marijuana (14 percent), and cocaine (12 percent). Only 1 percent reported stimulants as a primary substance [Table 2b].
- Among persons of Cuban origin, alcohol (37 percent), was followed by cocaine and marijuana (20 percent each), opiates (15 percent), and stimulants (4 percent) [Table 2b].
- Among Alaska Natives, alcohol (46 percent) was followed by opiates (25 percent), marijuana (11 percent), cocaine (9 percent), and stimulants (7 percent) [Tables 2b].
- Among American Indians, alcohol (64
percent) was followed by marijuana (13 percent), stimulants (9 percent), opiates (7 percent), and cocaine (5 percent)
[Table 2b].
- Among Asians/Pacific Islanders, alcohol (35 percent) was followed by stimulants (26 percent), marijuana (20 percent), opiates (9 percent) and cocaine (7 percent) [Table 2b].
Type of Service
- Sixty-two percent of TEDS admissions in 2007 entered ambulatory treatment, 20 percent entered detoxification, and 18 percent entered rehabilitation/residential treatment [Table 4]. [Tables 4].
- Admissions for primary marijuana abuse had the largest proportion of admissions to ambulatory treatment (83 percent). Admissions for inhalant abuse had the next largest proportion admitted to ambulatory treatment (69 percent)
[Table 4].
- Primary tranquilizer admissions, heroin admissions, and admissions for abuse of alcohol alone had the largest proportions of admissions to detoxification (34 percent for tranquilizer, 33 percent for heroin, and 30 percent for alcohol alone) [Table 4].
- Admissions for primary smoked cocaine had the largest proportion of admissions to rehabilitation/residential treatment (32 percent), followed by admissions for PCP (29 percent), hallucinogens (28 percent), methamphetamine/amphetamines (26 percent), non-smoked cocaine (25 percent), and sedatives (24 percent)
[Table 4].
Medication-assisted Opioid Therapy
- Overall, medication-assisted opioid therapy with methadone or buprenorphine was planned for 5 percent of TEDS admissions in 2007. Medication-assisted opioid therapy was planned for 29 percent of primary heroin admissions and for 20 percent of admissions for opiates other than heroin [Table 4].
Source of Referral to Treatment
- In 2007, more than one-third (37 percent) of TEDS admissions were referred to treatment through the criminal justice system. Primary marijuana and methamphetamine/amphetamine admissions had the largest proportion of admissions referred through the criminal justice system (57 percent each), followed by PCP (54 percent) [Table 4].
- One-third (33 percent) of TEDS admissions in 2007 represented self- or individual
referrals. Primary heroin admissions had the largest proportion of self- or individual
referrals (58 percent), followed by admissions for opiates other than heroin (52 percent)
[Table 4].
Employment Status
- In 2007, admissions for alcohol only were the most likely to be employed (42 percent). The proportion employed was lowest (16 percent each) among admissions for smoked cocaine and heroin. The proportion not in the labor force was highest (48 percent) among admissions for heroin and lowest (28 percent) among admissions for abuse of alcohol only [Table 5].
Educational Level
- In 2007, educational level was highest (more than 12 years of education) among admissions for sedatives (33 percent) followed by admissions for alcohol only (32 percent) [Table 5].
* These drugs include codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, morphine, opium, oxycodone, pentazocine, propoxyphene, tramadol, and any other drug with morphine-like effects. Non-prescription use of methadone is not included.
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This page was last updated on February 17, 2009.
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