TECHNICAL APPENDIX: CONSTRUCTION OF DRUG USE AND OTHER VARIABLES

 A.1 Drug Use Variables

The format of the drug use variables varied across the survey years 1979-1996 included in this report. Major changes were introduced in 1988 and 1994B.

 A.1.a Marijuana Use Variables

Parent and child lifetime marijuana use (MRJFLAG). Recoded binary variable was derived from the imputed marijuana recency variable (IRMJRC). The latter was based on the original recency of marijuana use question (MJREC), "When was the most recent time that you used marijuana or hash(ish)?". In 1979, MJREC consisted of eight categories: (91) never used marijuana; (1) used within the past week; (2) used within the past month; (3) used within the past six months; (4) used six months to a year ago; (5) used more than a year ago; (6) used more than two years ago; (7) used more than five years ago. In 1982, five categories: (91) never used marijuana; (1) used within the past month (30 days); (2) used within the past six months (but more than a month ago); (3) used six months to a year ago; (4) used more than a year ago. In 1988 and 1990-1994A, seven categories: (91) never used marijuana; (1) used within the past week; (2) used more than one week ago but less than one month ago; (3) used more than one month ago but less than six months ago; (4) used more than six months ago but less than one year ago; (5) used more than 1 year ago but less than 3 years ago; and (6) used 3 or more years ago. In 1994B-1996: (91) never used marijuana; (1) used more than one week ago but less than one month ago; (2) used more than one month ago but less than 12 months ago; (3) used more than 12 months ago but less than 3 years ago; (4) used 3 or more years ago. For Lifetime marijuana use, category (91) was coded 0=never used; all other categories were coded 1=ever used.

Parent and child past year marijuana use (MRJYRX and MRJYR). For parents, a trichotomous variable (MRJYRX) was derived from the imputed marijuana recency variable (IRMJRC) and original recency of marijuana use question (MJREC). In all survey years, category (91) of IRMJRC was coded 0=never used marijuana; in 1979, categories (5) through (7); in 1982, category (4); in 1988 and 1990-1994A, categories (5) and (6); and for 1994B-1996, categories (3) and (4) were coded 1=former use, not in the past year. In 1979, categories (1) through (4); in 1982, categories (1) through (3); in 1988 and 1990-1994B categories (1) through (4); and in 1994B-1996, categories (1) and (2) were coded 2=used in the past year. For parents and children a binary variable (MRJYR) was also constructed from IRMJRC. For 1979 categories (91) and (5) through (7) were coded 0=did not use marijuana in the past year; categories (1) through (4) were coded 1=used in the past year. In 1982, categories (91) and (4) were coded 0; categories (1) through (3) were coded 1. In 1990-1994B, categories (91), (5) and (6) were coded 0=did not use in the past year, and categories (1) through (4) were coded 1. In 1994B-1996, categories (91), (3) and (4) were coded 0; categories (1) and (2) were coded 1.

Parent frequency of lifetime marijuana use (MJTOTX). Recoded, based on the original variable MJTOT. In 1979 and 1982, five categories: (91) never used marijuana; (1) used 1 or 2 times lifetime; (2) used 3-10 times lifetime; (3) used 11-99 times lifetime; (4) used 100 or more times lifetime. In 1988 and 1990-1994A, eight categories: (91) never used marijuana lifetime; (1) used 1-2 times lifetime; (2) used 3-5 times lifetime; (3) used 6-10 times lifetime, (4) used 11-49 times lifetime; (5) used 50-99 times lifetime; (6) used 100-199 times lifetime; (7) used 200 or more times lifetime. In 1994B-1996, six categories: (91) never used marijuana; (1) used more than 300 days; (2) used at least 101 but not more than 30 days; (3) used at least 12 but not more than 100 days; (4) used at least 3 but not more than 11 days; (5) used at least 1 but not more than 2 days. Recoded to 4 categories (MJTOTX). In all survey years category (91) was coded 0=never used marijuana; in 1979 and 1982 categories (1) and (2); in 1988 and 1990-1994A categories (1) through (3); and in 1994B-1996 categories (4) and (5) were coded 1=used 1-10 times/days lifetime. In survey years 1979 and 1982 category (3); for 1988 and 1990-1994A categories (4) and (5); and in 1994B-1996 category (3) was coded 2=used 11-99 times/days lifetime. In 1979 and 1982 category (4); in 1988 and 1990-1994A categories (6) and (7); and in 1994B-1996 categories (1) and (2) were coded 3=used 100 or more times/days lifetime.

Parent number of days used marijuana in the past 12 months (MJYRFRQX). Four category recoded variable based on the imputed marijuana frequency variable (IRMJFQ). The latter was based on the original eleven-category frequency of use question (MJYRFREQ), "How often in the past 12 months have you used marijuana?" In 1988 and 1990-1994A: (91) never used marijuana; (93) did not use marijuana in the past 12 months; (1) used several times a day in the past 12 months; (2) used daily in the past 12 months; (3) used almost daily in the past 12 months; (4) used 1 or 2 days a week in the past 12 months; (5) used several times a month in the past 12 months (25 to 50 days); (6) used 1 to 2 times a month (12 to 24 days) in the past 12 months; (7) used every other month or so (6 to 11 days) in the past 12 months; (8) used 3 to 5 days in the past 12 months; and (9) used 1 to 2 days in the past 12 months. In 1994B-1996, selected response categories changed slightly. Categories (91), (93) and (5) through (9) did not change; category (1) became used more than 300 days in the past 12 months (5 to 6 days a week); category (2) used 201 to 300 days in the past 12 months (5 to 6 days a week); category (3) used 101 to 200 days in the past 12 months (3 to 4 days a week); and category (4) used 51 to 100 days in the past 12 months (1 to 2 days a week). Category (91) was coded 0=never used marijuana; category (93) as 1=former use, not in the past 12 months; categories (3) through (9) as 2=used 1-200 days in the past 12 months; and categories (1) and (2) as 3=used 201 or more days in the past 12 months. Available in 1988 and 1990-1996.

Parent number of days used marijuana in the past thirty days (MJDAY3OX). A four category variable based on the original continuous variable, "Number of days used marijuana/hashish in the past 30 days (MJDAY3OA): (91) never used marijuana; (0) no use in the past 30 days; (1) through (30) for days used in the past 30 days. Recoded: 0= never used marijuana; 1=former use, not in the past 30 days; 2=used 1-10 days in the past 30 days; 3=used 11-30 days in the past 30 days.

A.1.b Other Drug Use Variables (Cigarettes, Alcohol, Cocaine)

Parent lifetime cigarette use (CIGFLAG). Recoded binary variable derived from the imputed cigarette recency variable (IRCIGRC). The latter was based on the original recency of cigarette use question (CIGREC), "When was the most recent time you had a cigarette?" In 1979 and 1982 five categories: (91) never used cigarettes; (1) used in the past 30 days; (2) used within the past six months; (3) used within the past year; (4) used more than a year ago. In 1988, 1990-1994A: (91) never used cigarettes; (1) used within the past month; (2) used more than one month ago but less than 6 months ago; (3) used more than six months ago but less than one year ago; (4) used more than 1 year ago but less than 3 years ago; (5) used 3 or more years ago. In 1994B-1996: (91) never used cigarettes; (1) used within the past month; (2) used more than one month ago but less than one year ago; (3) used more than one year ago but less than three years ago; (4) used 3 or more years ago. Category (91) was coded 0=never used cigarettes; all other categories were coded 1=ever used.

Parent past year cigarette use (CIGYRX). Trichotomous variable (CIGYRX) derived from the imputed cigarette recency variable (IRCIGRC) and original recency of cigarette use question (CIGREC). In all survey years, category (91) was coded 0=never used cigarettes; in 1979 and 1982, category (4); in 1988 and 1990-1994B, categories (4) and (5); and in 1994B to 1996, categories (3) and (4) were coded 1=former use, not in the past year. In 1979 and 1982, category (4); in 1998 and 1990-1994A, categories (1) through (3); and in 1994B-1996 categories (1) and (2), were coded 2=used in the past year.

Parent smoked at least 100 or more cigarettes in lifetime (CIG5PKX). Variable used only in the structural equation model for survey years 1991-1994A. Recoded variable based on the original three category variable (CIGS5PK): (91) never used cigarettes; (1) smoked 100 or more cigarettes in lifetime; (2) did not smoke 100 or more cigarettes in lifetime. Categories (91) and (1) were recoded (CIG5PKX) to: 0=never used cigarettes or did not use 100 or more cigarettes in lifetime; category (2) to 1=used 100 or more cigarettes in lifetime.

Parent number of cigarettes per day in the past 30 days (CIGMFRQX). Recoded five category variable (CIGMFRQX) based on the original eight category daily quantity of use question variable "Number of cigarettes smoked per day in the past 30 days" (AVCIG). (81/91) never used cigarettes; (93/99) did not smoke cigarettes in the past 30 days; (1) smoked less than one cigarette per day; (2) smoked 1-5 cigarettes per day; (3) smoked 6-15 cigarettes per day; (4) smoked 16-25 cigarettes per day; (5) smoked 26-35 cigarettes per day; (6) smoked 36 or morecigarettes per day. Category (91) was coded 0=never used cigarettes; category (93/99) as 1=former use, not in the past 30 days; categories (1) through (3) as 2=smoked 1-15 cigarettes per day; categories (4 ) and (5) as 3=smoked 16-35 cigarettes per day; category (6) as 4=smoked 36 or more cigarettes per day.

Parent number of cigarettes smoked daily (PACKSX). Variable used only in the structural equation model for survey years 1991-1994A. Six category recoded variable, number of cigarettes smoked per day as a daily smoker (PACKS): (91) never smoked cigarettes; (1) smoked 1-5 cigarettes per day; (2) smoked 6-15 cigarettes per day; (3) smoked 16-25 cigarettes per day; (4) smoked 26-35 cigarettes per day; (5) smoked 35 or more cigarettes per day. For analytical purposes category (91) was recoded to 0; all other categories remained the same.

Parent lifetime alcohol use (ALCFLAG). Recoded binary variable derived from the imputed alcohol recency variable (IRALCRC). The latter was based on the original recency of alcohol use question (ALCREC), "How long has it been since you last drank an alcoholic beverage?" In 1979, eight categories: (91) never used alcohol; (1) used within the past week; (2) used within the past month; (3) used within the past six months; (4) used six months to a year ago; (5) used more than a year ago; (6) used more than two years ago; (7) used more than five years ago. In 1982, five categories: (91) never used alcohol; (1) used within the past month; (2) used within the past six months; (3) used six months to a year ago; (4) used more than a year ago. In 1988 and 1990-1994A, six categories: (9) never used alcohol; (1) used within the past month; (2) used more than one month ago but less than 6 months ago; (3) used more than six months ago but less than one year ago; (4) used more than 1 year ago but less than 3 years ago; (5) used 3 or more years ago. In 1994B-1996, five categories: (9) never used alcohol; (1) used within the past month; (2) used more than one month ago but less than one year ago; (3) used more than one year ago but less than 3 years ago; (4) used 3 or more years ago. Category (9) was coded 0=never used alcohol; all other categories were coded 1=ever used.

Parent past year alcohol use (ALCYRX). Trichotomous variable (ALCYRX) derived from the imputed alcohol recency variable (IRALCRC) and original recency of alcohol use question (ALCREC). In all survey years, category (9) of IRALCRC was coded 0=never used alcohol. In 1979, categories (5) through (7); in 1982, category (4); in 1988 and 1990-1994A categories (4) and (5); and in 1994B-1996, categories (3) and (4) were coded 1=former use, not in the past year. In 1979, categories (1) through (5); in 1982, categories (1) through (3); in 1988 and 1990-1994A, categories (1) through (3); and in 1994B-1996, categories (1) and (2) were coded 2=used in the past year.

Parent frequency of past year alcohol use (IRALCFQX). Variable used only in the structural equation model for survey years 1991-1994A. Imputed variable, based on the nine category variable (IRALCFQ): (1) used daily in the past year; (2) used almost daily in the past year; (3) used 1-2 days per week in the past year; (4) used several times a month in the past year; (5) used 1-2 times a month in the past year; (6) used every other month in the past year; (7) used 3-5 times in the past year; (8) used 1-2 times in the past year; (9) never used alcohol or did notuse in the past year. Categories (9) through (1) were recoded from low to high use (IRALCFQX): 0=never used alcohol to 9=used daily in past the year.

Parent number of times very high or drunk on alcohol in the past 12 months (DRUNKYRX). Variable used only in the structural equation model for survey years 1991-1994A. Recoded ten category variable (DRUNKYRX) based on the original eleven category variable (DRUNKYR): (1) got very high or drunk daily in the past 12 months; (2) got very high or drunk three to six days a week in the past 12 months; (3) got very high or drunk one or two days a week in the past 12 months; (4) got very high or drunk 25-51 days in the past 12 months; (5) got very high or drunk 12 to 24 days in the past 12 months; (6) got very high or drunk 6 to 11 days in the past 12 months; (7) got very high or drunk 3 to 5 days in the past 12 months; (8) got very high or drunk 1 or 2 days in the past 12 months; (9) did not get very high or drunk in the past 12 months; (91) never used alcohol; (93) did not use alcohol in the past 12 months. Categories (91) and (93) were coded 0; categories (9) through (1) were reverse coded from low to high use: 1=did not get very high or drunk in the past 12 months to 9=got very high or drunk daily in the past 12 months.

Parent quantity/frequency of alcohol use in the past 30 days (ALCMFRQX). Categorical variable derived from the frequency of alcohol use variable (ALCDAYS), "On about how many different days did you have one or more drinks of beer, wine or liquor during the past 30 days?", and the number of alcohol drinks per day in the past 30 days variable (NODR30A), "About how many drinks of beer, wine or liquor did you usually have in a day on the days that you drank during the past 30 days?" A continuous measure of current average daily alcohol intake (average number of drinks per day) was the product of the frequency of days drank in the past month (ALCDAYS) and number of drinks consumed per day (NODR30A), divided by 30. Four categories were derived: 0=never used alcohol; 1=former use, not in the past 30 days; 2=used less than 2 drinks per day in the past 30 days; 3=used 2 or more drinks per day in the past 30 days. Available in 1988 and 1990-1996.

Parent lifetime cocaine use (COCFLAG). Recoded binary derived from the imputed cocaine recency variable (IRCOCRC). The latter was based on the original recency of cocaine use question (COCREC), "When was the most recent time that you used cocaine, in any form"? In 1979, seven categories: (9) never used cocaine; (1) used within the past week; (2) used within the past month; (3) used within the past six months; (4) used six months to a year ago; (5) used more than 1 year ago; (6) used more than 2 years ago; (7) used more than 5 years ago. In 1982, five categories: (9) never used cocaine; (1) used in the past month; (2) used in the past six months; (3) used six months to a year ago; (4) used more than a year ago. In 1988 and 1990-1994A, seven categories: (91) never used cocaine; (1) used within the past week; (2) used more than 1 week ago but less than 1 month ago; (3) used 1 or more months ago but less than 6 months ago; (4) used 6 or more months ago but less than a year ago; (5) used 1 or more years ago but less than 3 years ago; (6) used 3 or more years ago. In 1994B-1996 five categories: (9) never used cocaine; (1) used within the past 30 days; (2) used more than 30 days ago but within the past 12 months; (3) used more than 12 months ago but within the past 3 years; (4) used more than 3years ago. In all survey years, category (9) was coded 0=never used; all other categories were coded 1=ever used.

Parent past year cocaine use (COCYRX). Trichotomous variable (COCYRX) derived from the imputed cocaine recency variable (IRCOCRC) and recency of cocaine use question (COCREC). In all survey years, category (9) of IRCOCRC, was coded 0=never used. In 1979, categories (5) through (7); in 1982 category (4); in 1988 and 1990-1994A categories (5) and (6); and in 1994B-1996, categories (3) and (4) were coded 1=former use, not in the past year. In 1979, categories (1) through (4); in 1982 categories (1) through (3); in 1988 and 1990-1994A categories (1) through (4); and in 1994B-1996 categories (1) and (2) were coded 2=use in the past year.

Parent frequency of lifetime cocaine use (COCTOTX1 and COCTOTX2). Two variables were constructed. a four category version for the logistic regression models and an eight category version for the structural equation models. In 1979 and 1982, four categories: (91) never used cocaine; (1) used 1 or 2 times; (2) used 3 to 10 times; (3) used 11 to 99 times; (4) used 100 or more times. In 1988 and 1990-1994A, eight categories: (91) never used cocaine; (1) used 1 or 2 times; (2) used 3 to 5 times; (3) used 6 to 10 times; (4) used 11 to 49 times; 95) used 50 to 99 times; (6) used 100 to 199 times; (7) used 200 or more times. In 1994B-1996, six categories: (91) never used cocaine; (1) used more than 300 days; (2) used at least 101 but not more than 300 days; (3) used at least 12 but not more than 100 days; (4) used at least 3 but not more than 11 days; (5) used at least 1 but not more than 2 days.

In the four category version (COCTOTX1), in all survey years, category (91) was coded 0=never used marijuana. In 1979 and 1982, categories (1) and (2); in 1988 and 1990-1994A, categories (1) through (3); and in 1994B-1996 categories (4) and (5) were coded 1=used cocaine 1-10 times/days in lifetime. In 1979 and 1982, category (3); in 1988 and 1990-1994A, categories (4) and (5); and in 1994B-1996, category (3) were coded 2=used cocaine 11-99 times/days in lifetime. In 1979 and 1982, category (4); in 1988 and 1990-1994A categories (6) and (7); and in 1994B-1996 categories (1) and (2) were coded 3=used cocaine 100 or more times/days in lifetime. In the eight category version (COCTOTX2), used only the 1991-1994A surveys, category (91) was coded 0=never used cocaine; all other categories remained the same.

Parent frequency of past year cocaine use (IRCOCFQX). Variable used only in the structural equation model for survey years 1991-1994A. Imputed nine category variable (IRCOCFQ): (9) never used or did not use in the past year; (1) used daily in the past year; (2) used almost daily in the past year; (3) used 1-2 days per week in the past year; (4) used several times per month in the past year; (5) used 1-2 times per month in the past year; (6) used every other month in the past year; (7) used 3-5 times in the past year; (8) used 1-2 times in the past year. Recoded (IRCOCFQX): category (9) was coded 0; categories (1) through (8) were reverse coded from low to high use, 1=used 1-2 times in the past year to 8=used daily in the past year.

A.2 Other Variables

A.2.a Sociodemographic Variables

Parent and child education (EDUCCT2X). Recoded variable, five categories. For parents and children aged 18-25, the original response categories for EDUCCT2 were retained: 1=less than high school/dropout; 2=high school graduate; 3=some college; 4=college graduate. For children aged 12-17, the school enrollment (YTHSTUD in 1979 and 1982; ENROLLD in 1988 and 1990-1996) and last grade completed (YTHEDUC in 1979 and 1982; EDUC in 1988 and 1990-1996) variables were used to assign children to one of the four categories of EDUCCT2 or to a fifth category labeled "in secondary school."

Child school dropout (CDRPOUTX). Constructed variable based on the recoded variable EDUCCT2X: 1=less than high school/dropout; 2=high school graduate; 3=some college; 4=college graduate; 5=in secondary school. Categories (2) through (4) were coded 0=not a dropout; category (1) as 1=dropout.

A.2.b Personal Characteristic Variables

Parent depression in past 12 months (MDE1). Major depressive episode Version 1 based on MDESFS1. Two sets (1 and 2) of parallel questions were used to determine MDESFS1. Respondents were administered either set 1 or set 2 of the depression items. In set 1, ten items were used to construct MDESF1. For item set 1, if a respondent reported near daily or daily feelings of depression (DEPFREQ=1 or 2) that lasted most or all of the day (DEPDAY=1 or 2) for a period of two weeks or more (DEPRESS=1), MDESFS1 was coded 1. Seven additional binary items, the loss of interest (LOSTINT1; 0=no, 1=yes), excessive fatigue (TIRED1; 0=no, 1=yes), gained or lostten or more pounds in the past 12 months (LBSCHNG1; 0=no, 1=yes), frequency of sleeping problems (SLPFREQ1; 0=less often; 1=nearly every or every night), trouble concentrating (CONCEN1; 0=no; 1=yes), feelings of worthlessness (DOWN1; 0=no, 1=yes), and thoughts of death (IDEAT1; 0=no, 1=yes) were summated. Scores for MDESFS1 ranged from 0-8.

For item set 2, nine items were used to construct MDESFS1. If the respondent did not report a two week or greater period of depression, but reported a near daily or daily loss of interest in things (LOSINFRQ=1or 2) for most or all of the day (LOSINDAY=1 or 2) in the past 12 months (LOSTINT2=1), MDESFS1 was coded 1. Six additional binary items (TIRED2, LBSCHNG2, SLPFREQ2, CONCEN2, DOWN2, IDEAT2) were summated. For item set 2, scores for MDESFS1 ranged from 0-7. For item sets 1 and 2, a score of $$3 for MDESFS1 indicated a major depressive episode: 0=probable non-case; 1=probable case. Available in 1994B-1996.

Parent anxiety in past 12 months (GAD1). Generalized anxiety disorder Version 1 (GADI) based on GADSFS1. If a respondent reported a current period of anxiety(WOREND=2) that has been going on for six months or more (WORMON2) or a past period of anxiety (WOREND=1) that lasted six months or more (WORNOM1) in the past 12 months, and the respondent worried about things that were not likely to happen (WORHAPN1=1 or WORHAPN2=1), that were not serious (WORSERI1=1 or WORSERI2=1), and worried about different things simultaneously (WORDIFF1=1 or WORDIFF2=1), GADSFS1 was coded 1. Six additional binary items, restless when worried (WORREST; 0=no, 1=yes), keyed up or on edge when worried (WOREDGE; 0=no, 1=yes) irritable when worried (WORIRRIT; 0=no, 1=yes), heart pounds/races when worried (WORHEART; 0=no, 1=yes), easily tired when worried (WORTIRED; 0=no, 1=yes), trouble falling asleep when worried (WORSLEEP; 0=no, 1=yes) and feel faint when worried (WORFAINT; 0=no, 1=yes) were summated. Scores for GADSFS1 ranged from 0-7. A score of $$3 indicated an episode of generalized anxiety disorder: 0=non-probable case; 1=probable case. Available in 1994-1996.

Parent and child delinquency in past 12 months (DELQX). Constructed additive variable based on 12 items: "During the past 12 months, have you" (1) "taken something from a store without paying for it?" (STRSTEAL); (2) "taken money or property that did not belong to you?" (OTHSTEAL); (3) "purposely damaged or destroyed property that did not belong to you?" (DAMAGE); (4) "taken a car that didn't belong to someone in your family without the owner's permission?" (CARSTEAL); (5) "used a weapon, force, or strong arm methods to get money or things from a person?" (FORCEMON); (6) "broken into a house or building to steal something or just to look around?" (BREAKIN); (7) "hit someone or gotten into a physical fight?" (PHYFIGHT); (8) "hurt someone badly enough to need bandages or a doctor?" (HURTBAD); (9) "used a knife or gun or some other thing to get something from a person?" (GUNMONEY); (10) "driven any kind of vehicle while you were under the influence of alcohol or illegal drugs?" (DRUNKDRV); (11) "sold any illegal drugs?" (SOLDDRUG); (12) "done anything else that would have gotten you into trouble with the police if they had known about it?" (OTHDOING). Scores ranged from 0-12. Available in 1991-1994A and 1995.

APPENDIX TABLES

	1979-1996		1979	1982	1988	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994A	1994B	1995	1996
	%		%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
Age Group
12-14 years	20.8		34.9	28.0	11.0	10.2	19.5	25.7	18.9	19.0	18.4	20.7	23.5
Total N age group	23,089		1,012	779	1,439	1,057	3,976	3,658	3,590	591	2,431	2,324	2,232
15-17 years	15.6		29.5	17.2	7.8	6.9	15.9	18.2	13.2	15.5	12.2	17.3	17.5
Total N age group	23,117		1,153	802	1,656	1,120	4,029	3,596	3,388	528	2,267	2,271	2,307
18-25 years2	3.1		-	-	-	-	2.9	3.6	1.5	3.9	4.2	1.9	4.8
Total N age group	34,126		-	-	-	-	7,937	7,721	5,531	902	3,706	3,963	4,366

¹ Unweighted estimates and N's.

² Restricted to NHSDA 1991-1996. NHSDA 1979, 1982, 1988 and 1990 do not include parent-child dyads with a child aged 18-25.

Source:SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

	Lifetime		Last Year		Last Month
	1994A	1994B	1994A	1994B	1994A	1994B
Age Group	%	%	%	%	%	%
Total	34.1	31.2	9.2	8.5	4.7	4.8
12-17	16.0	13.6	13.6	11.4	7.3	6.0
18-25	43.4	41.9	23.4	21.8	12.2	12.1
26-34	56.9	52.7	14.3	11.5	6.3	6.9
35+	28.4	25.4	3.6	4.1	2.0	2.4

¹ Source: SAMHSA (1996a;1996b).

¹ Weighted estimates, unweighted N's.

² In 1979, 1982 and 1990, children aged 12-17 were selected. In all other years, children aged 12-25 were selected.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

	1979-1996		1979		1982		1988		1990		1991		1992		1993		1994A		1994B		1995		1996
	%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%
Lifetime Use
Child Age3
12-14 years	5.4	a	13.4		6.3		4.9		12.5		2.6		3.2		2.2		8.9		2.9		2.5		5.1
15-17 years	26.7	b	46.1		46.0		13.2		21.3		21.3		18.7		16.1		15.9		18.7		25.3		23.5
18-25 years4	40.1		-		-		-		-		40.3		38.4		49.5		47.5		54.7		49.0		27.7
12-17 years	15.1		29.8		24.5		9.2		15.7		11.5		9.2		8.6		12.4		8.7		15.8		13.0
Child Sex
Male	19.4	a	29.0		28.5		8.0		9.2		18.6		17.3		12.0		19.1		16.2		19.3		16.4
Female	16.5	b	29.6		22.7		9.9		19.4		13.7		12.9		9.9		13.0		18.4		13.8		15.5
Child Ethnicity
White	18.8		30.2		23.9		22.9		45.8		17.4		15.6		9.8		14.6		17.1		18.9		15.4
African-American	16.4		28.4		30.4		5.8		4.1		12.8		14.0		13.5		25.4		16.0		13.1		16.7
Hispanic	17.0		18.3		32.9		11.2		13.3		17.9		14.9		17.1		17.0		21.8		13.9		16.2
Last Year Use
Child Age3
12-14 years	4.4	a	11.3		4.3		3.2		12.5		2.2		2.4		2.0		7.2		2.5		2.4		4.4
15-17 years	20.8	b	36.1		39.0		9.9		20.2		13.2		13.1		13.7		9.7		15.6		22.2		19.0
18-25 years4	23.7		-		-		-		-		20.8		24.6		23.7		46.1		27.1		34.8		20.0
12-17 years	11.9		23.8		20.2		6.6		15.3		7.4		6.5		7.4		8.4		7.3		13.9		10.7
Child Sex
Male	14.9	a	23.6		21.8		4.9		8.3		12.7		11.7		10.1		16.5		11.3		15.9		14.6
Female	11.4	b	23.1		20.1		7.6		19.4		6.6		7.3		7.4		9.0		11.1		10.7		10.9
Child Ethnicity
White	13.9		23.9		19.3		11.4		44.8		9.6		9.9		8.4		12.3		10.8		15.7		12.0
African-American	12.1		23.1		27.1		3.5		4.1		8.2		8.4		10.7		17.5		10.4		10.3		14.3
Hispanic	11.9		15.4		24.0		8.7		12.7		11.8		9.6		10.1		14.5		16.0		9.8		12.1
Total N	9,463		693		371		289		185		1,646		1,869		1,213		229		880		949		1,139

¹ Weighted estimates with SUDAAN PROC CROSSTAB, unweighted N's.

² In 1979, 1982, 1988 and 1990, children aged 12-17 were selected. In all other years, children aged 12-25 were selected.

³ Adjusted estimates based on the 1991 distribution of child age for 12-17 and 18-25 year olds.

⁴ NHSDA 1991-1996.

^a-bFor each sociodemographic variable, percentages with different superscripts are significantly different from each other, T-test (p<.05).

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

	1979-1996		1979		1982		1988		1990		1991		1992		1993		1994A		1994B		1995		1996
		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%
Lifetime Use
Total Parents	32.8		15.7		20.9		34.6		32.3		35.4		34.5		41.8		47.9		36.3		40.6		36.3
Child/Parent Age
12-14/24-73 years	37.5	a	20.0		28.0		47.5		36.1		41.9		40.1		42.7		56.1		42.5		46.1		40.8
15-17/27-80 years	29.8	b	11.2		13.0		21.1		27.1		35.2		31.8		42.7		37.1		34.7		37.5		38.1
18-25/31-74 years	24.2	c	-		-		-		-		18.1		25.7		27.0		54.3		23.7		26.9		20.9
Parent Sex
Male	38.9	a	20.2		19.9		40.5		44.7		41.7		42.1		54.3		52.4		42.7		43.3		44.4
Female	28.7	b	12.0		21.7		32.2		25.7		31.3		29.9		33.0		44.9		32.3		38.7		30.7
Parent Ethnicity
White	34.7	a	14.9		19.8		73.8		61.3		39.7		36.0		43.6		51.1		40.7		48.6		44.1
African-American	37.3	a	27.9		33.8		43.1		44.7		39.9		40.5		49.0		39.5		30.9		34.4		33.8
Hispanic	20.5	b	.0		12.6		20.5		22.4		22.0		21.6		27.0		37.9		27.2		19.2		21.0
Last Year Use
Total Parents	5.3		6.2		8.8		7.9		8.9		5.1		4.2		5.1		4.6		4.2		5.3		5.6
Child/Parent Age
12-14/24-73 years	7.0	a	8.7		12.9		11.7		6.1		6.2		6.3		6.2		5.9		5.5		5.9		6.6
15-17/27-80 years	3.9	b	3.6		4.3		4.0		12.7		3.6		2.1		4.4		4.6		2.3		5.5		6.6
18-25/31-74 years	3.2	b	-		-		-		-		5.9		3.2		.7		.0		4.6		0.7		1.8
Parent Sex
Male	7.1	a	8.0		10.7		15.4		4.9		6.0		5.8		6.8		5.4		6.6		6.9		8.7
Female	4.1	b	4.8		7.5		4.9		11.0		4.5		3.3		3.9		4.0		2.8		4.3		3.5
Parent Ethnicity
White	4.8	a	5.4		6.0		0.0		29.9		3.7		4.0		3.9		2.9		4.1		5.7		6.9
African-American	8.5	b	13.5		22.2		10.3		12.6		9.0		6.1		11.8		12.4		4.7		5.6		6.1
Hispanic	3.5	a	.0		12.6		5.6		3.8		4.9		2.6		4.5		3.8		4.8		3.8		1.8
Total N		9,463		693		371		289		185		1,646		1,869		1,213		229		880		949		1,139

¹ Weighted estimates with SUDAAN PROC CROSSTAB, unweighted N's.

² In 1979, 1982, 1988 and 1990, children aged 12-17 were selected. In all other years, children aged 12-25 were seleced.

^a-b For each sociodemographic variable, percentages different superscripts are significantly different from each other, T-test (p<.05).

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

	1979-1996				1979			1982				1988				1990				1991
Child			Non-			Non-				Non-				Non-				Non-				Non-
Marijuana	Dyads		Dyads		Dyads	Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads
Use	%		%		%	%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%
Lifetime Use
12-14 years	5.4		6.8	***	13.4	13.6		6.3		12.4	**	4.9		5.7		12.5		5.2	*	2.6
15-17 years	26.7		26.8		46.1	46.7		46.0		41.1		13.2		27.6	**	21.3		23.3		21.3		21.6
18-25 years4	40.1		.		-	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		40.3		50.7	**
12-17 years	15.1		17.1	***	29.8	31.9		24.5		27.8		9.2		17.7		15.7		14.9		11.5		13.2
Last Year Use
12-14 years	4.4		5.5	**	11.3	11.0		4.3		8.4	*	3.2		4.0		12.5		4.2	*	2.2		3.5	*
15-17 years	20.8		21.3		35.1	38.6		39.0		32.1		9.9		20.2	***	20.2		17.5		13.2		17.9	*
18-25 years4	23.7		23.0		-	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		20.8		24.6
12-17 years	11.9		13.6		23.8	26.2		20.2		21.1		6.6		12.8	***	15.3		11.3		7.4		10.3	**
Age Specific N's
12-14 years	4,794		18,295		353	659		218		561		159		1,280		108		949		774		3,202
15-17 years	3,598		19,519		340	813		153		699		129		1,527		77		1,043		641		3,388
18-25 years4	1,070		33,056		-	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		231		7,706
12-17 years	8,392		37,814		693	1,472		371		1,260		288		2,807		185		1,992		1,415		6,590
Total N	9,462		70,870		693	1,472		371		1,260		288		2,807		185		1,992		1,646		14,296

¹Weighted estimates, unweighted N's.

²In 1979, 1982, 1988 and 1990, children aged 12-17 were selected. In all other years, children aged 12-25 were selected.

³For parent-child dyads, adjusted estimates based on the 1991 distribution of child age for 12-17 and 18-25 year olds.

⁴NHSDA 1991-1996.

* p<.05; ** p<.01; ***p<.001, Z-test for the percentage difference between dyad and non-dyad children for each age group within each sample.

Source: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse.

	1992				1993				1994A				1994B				1995				1996
Child			Non-				Non-				Non-				Non-				Non-				Non-
Marijuana	Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads		Dyads
Use	%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%
Lifetime Use
12-14 years	3.2		3.4		2.2		5.1	***	8.9		7.9		2.9		4.9	*	2.5		8.1		5.1		6.3
15-17 years	17.9		1		16.1		19.7		15.9		22.6		18.7		23.7	*	25.3		25.8		23.5		28.0
18-25 years4	38.4		48.3	***	49.5		47.4		47.5		43.5		54.7		41.8	**	49.0		41.4		27.7		44.4	***
12-17 years	9.2		11.0		8.6		12.4	***	12.4		15.5		8.7		14.2	***	15.8		16.8		13.0		17.5	***
Last Year Use
12-14 years	2.4		2.7		2.0		4.4	***	7.2		7.4		2.5		4.1		2.4		7.1	*	4.4		5.4
15-17 years	13.1		14.4		13.7		17.0		9.7		18.9	*	15.6		19.7		22.2		22.2		19.0		21.0
18-25 years4	24.6		27.7		23.7		22.8		46.1		23.2	**	27.1		21.7		34.8		21.8	*	20.0		24.0
12-17 years	6.5		8.6	**	7.4		10.7	***	8.4		13.3	*	7.3		11.9	***	13.9		14.7		10.7		13.4	*
Age Specific N's
12-14 years	939		2,719		680		2,910		112		479		447		1,984		480		1,844		524		1,708
15-17 years	655		2,941		448		2,940		82		446		276		1,991		393		1,878		404		1,903
18-25 years4	275		7,446		85		5,446		35		867		157		3,549		76		3,887		211		4,155
12-17 years	1,594		5,660		1,128		5,850		194		925		723		3,975		873		3,722		928		3,611
Total N	1,869		13,106		1,213		11,296		229		1,792		880		7,524		949		7,609		1,139		7,766